Stellar Metamorphosis plus Expanding Earth vs. Plate Tectonics

 

Category	Plate Tectonics (Mainstream)	Stellar Metamorphosis + Expanding Earth (Integrated Model)
Origin of Earth	Formed from rocky debris in a solar nebula; grew by accretion	Earth is the remains of a former star (or gas giant), having lost most of its mass
Mechanism for Crustal Movement	Driven by mantle convection and lithospheric motion	Driven by decompression and expansion due to loss of massive stellar atmosphere
Cause of Ocean Basins	Formed by divergence at mid-ocean ridges and plate movement	Formed as the Earth’s solid regions expanded, cracking the crust and exposing deep interior
Source of Geological Activity	Subduction, rifting, volcanism due to internal heat and convection	Stress fractures and outgassing during decompression after atmospheric loss
Atmosphere Origin	Volcanic outgassing from rock	Residual primordial gas from early stellar atmosphere; not outgassed, but retained
Fit of Continents	Continental drift over a fixed-radius Earth	Continents were once connected on a smaller solid core that expanded with decompression
Problem of Subduction	Requires continuous recycling of crust via subduction zones	Subduction is reinterpreted as gravitational settling of older crustal slabs—not true recycling
Energy Source	Internal radioactive decay and thermal convection	Gravitational potential energy released from decompression (as outer layers expand outward)