Are Hot Jupiters Orbiting Red Dwarfs Rare? Stellar Metamorphosis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter#General_characteristics

http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0017


Lets go ahead and dissect this with stellar metamorphosis theory. My writing in red.

While only one in every hundred Sun-like stars harbors a close-in gas giant planet, the occurrence of hot Jupiters is even further depressed around the Galaxy’s most numerous denizens, the M dwarfs.

This is bad. The most numerous denizens are black dwarfs, as well brown dwarfs are more numerous than red dwarfs (M type). They are all stars, of course these people do not know that because they classify stars mutually exclusive of "planet", not realizing the planet is the ancient star.


This empirical finding has emerged from various Doppler surveys of M dwarfs, which have detected zero close-in giant planets among roughly 300 target stars with masses M⋆ < 0.6 M⊙, despite the ready detectability of the large Doppler amplitudes of these short-period giants (Endl et al. 2003; Johnson et al. 2010a).

This is good. I like this. It means they are actually looking at the stars, unlike most cosmologists who'd rather do math thinking they are engaging in astronomy.


This lack of hot Jupiters around M dwarfs, as well as the overall dearth of giant planets around low-mass stars, is likely due to the inefficiency of the planet-formation process within low-mass protoplanetary disks (Laughlin et al. 2004; Ida & Lin 2005; Kennedy & Kenyon 2008).

This is bad. The protoplanetary disk model does not work because it cannot explain the angular momentum loss of bodies outside of the largest host star, as well it cannot explain multiple star systems which have sets of binary stars orbiting each other. So inefficiency is close, but when you do not have a mechanism for angular momentum loss, it is baseless theory. Disks do not become spheres unless there is a mechanism for angular momentum loss, or should I get Mr. Saturn on the hotline and tell him his disks need to conform to bogus theory?

This notion is further bolstered by the elevated occurrence of giant planets around stars more massive than the Sun (Johnson et al. 2007, 2010a).

Any notion utilizing the protoplanetary disk model is unsupported. The elevated occurrence of gas giants around stars more massive than the Sun is  probably because they have larger gravitational fields. They can capture larger objects as they move through the galaxy. Red dwarfs have much smaller gravitational fields, which is why they cannot capture Jupiters as well as larger stars.